Watching 3 sites · Memphis TN · Live

The sky doesn't forget what the paperwork leaves out.

Ghost Permits fuses atmospheric data from Sentinel-5P, optical imagery from Sentinel-2, and public permit records — and independently documents when industrial facilities start emitting, with or without a permit. The sky itself is the witness. We just published its testimony.

642
Days of unpermitted
operation documented
89
Turbines identified
from orbit
3
Sites monitored
across South Memphis
+162%
Peak NO₂ above
2019–2023 baseline

For six months, two different records
told two different stories.

The state's permit office had no record of turbines at 3231 Riverport Road. At the same time, 400 kilometers overhead, Sentinel-5P was logging a nitrogen dioxide plume exactly where the turbines stood.

Tennessee Department of Environment & Conservation
"No permit on file for this address."
Pending · Not Submitted
APPLICANT— no filing —
FACILITY3231 Riverport Rd
UNITS COVERED0
FIRST FILINGJan 2025
STATUSRetroactive
vs
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI · Daily overpass
"NO₂ column rising since July 2024."
NO₂ · mol/m² ×10⁻⁵ +162%
BASELINE 4.35 JUL 2024 · TURBINES ON JAN 2025 · PERMIT FILED
JAN 2024JUL 2024JAN 2025JUL 2025APR 2026
Satellite observed the anomaly onset 184 days before the first permit application. The gap is not theoretical — it is measured, timestamped, and archived by ESA.

Three satellites.
One ground truth.

We cross-reference atmospheric chemistry, 10-meter optical imagery, and public permit databases. Each stream is independent. When they disagree, the paperwork is wrong — not the physics.

01 / Atmospheric
Sentinel-5P
sees the plume.
Daily · 3.5 × 5.5 km pixels
TROPOMI measures tropospheric NO₂, HCHO and SO₂ — the exact signature of uncontrolled combustion. A 30% anomaly above a 5-year baseline triggers the alert pipeline.
ESA · Copernicus · free & open
02 / Visual
Sentinel-2 sees
the equipment.
5-day revisit · 10 m pixels
When the atmosphere flags a site, LFM2.5-VL — Liquid AI's 450M-parameter vision model — counts turbines, detects heat signatures, and dates construction phases directly in the pixel grid.
Liquid AI · LFM2.5-VL-450M
03 / Paper
Permit records
say what's filed.
Public · state & federal
We pull the actual permit history for the coordinates — applicant, date, unit count — and compute the gap between what was filed and what the atmosphere has already recorded.
TDEC · MDEQ · EPA ECHO
    Sentinel-5P TROPOMI       Sentinel-2 Optical       Permit Databases
     (daily NO₂ / HCHO)    +   (10 m imagery, VLM)  +   (public records)
           │                         │                         │
           ▼                         ▼                         ▼
     Anomaly onset             Equipment count          Filing timeline
           │                         │                         │
           └─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┘
                                     ▼
                       Evidence Brief + Confidence Score
                      (independent of official filings)

Three facilities.
A community already carrying 4× the cancer risk.

Filed Apr 14, 2026 NAACP v. xAI Corp
United States District Court
Western District of Tennessee
Satellite record cited as evidence
SITE · CLX-01
Colossus 1
LAWSUIT
3231 Riverport Rd
Memphis, TN 38109
35.0577°N, 90.1534°W
Boxtown, South Memphis — cancer risk 4× the national average.
35
Turbines detected
184d
Permit gap
+162%
NO₂ peak
76
Days above threshold
SITE · CLX-02
Colossus 2
NO FILING
5400 Tulane Rd
Whitehaven, Memphis TN
34.9952°N, 90.0349°W
Whitehaven — South Memphis. Operational Aug 2025. No permit on file.
27
Turbines detected
ongoing
Permit gap
+118%
NO₂ peak
0
Units permitted
SITE · SHV-01
Southaven
CONTESTED
2400 Stateline Rd W
Southaven, MS 38671
34.9918°N, 90.0321°W
Subject of NAACP's April 14 2026 federal complaint.
27
Turbines detected
487d
Permit gap
+94%
NO₂ peak
41
Units permitted

The satellite doesn't care who filed a permit. It just records what's burning.

— the premise of this entire project

What we knew, in the order we knew it.

The atmosphere logged the story in real time. Everyone else found out later — from aerial photographers, from local news, from lawsuits. This is the timeline as the sky saw it.

Jul 2024
Colossus 1 goes live.
First turbines spin up at Riverport Rd. No air permit filed. NO₂ column begins climbing within days.
Sep 2024
Aerial photographer flies over.
Public count reaches 35 turbines — nearly double what regulators thought existed. Satellite record already matched.
Jan 2025
First permit application filed.
Six months into operation. Covers only 15 of the 35 units visible from orbit.
Aug–Dec 2025
Southaven quietly scales to 27 units.
No public notice. No permit. Sentinel-5P records the second anomaly plume across the state line.
Mar 2026
Mississippi issues Southaven permit.
Sixteen months retroactive. Environmental groups file administrative challenge within 72 hours.
Apr 14 2026
NAACP files federal lawsuit.
Complaint seeks permit revocation. Satellite archive cited for operational onset dates.
Earth · daily Every industrial zone,
monitored from orbit

Accountability has always waited
on whoever bothered to look.

Environmental regulation runs on filings — documents submitted by the same companies being regulated. When those filings lag operations, the gap is pollution. The gap is cancer rates. The gap is which communities get warned and which find out when the turbines are already running.

The Sentinel satellites overfly Memphis daily, whether anyone is looking or not. Our job is to look — and to make what they recorded legible to regulators, journalists, lawyers, and the neighborhoods downwind.

— Ghost Permits · est. 2026 · open data · open methodology

Open the Sentinel dashboard.
See what the sky filed today.

Live Sentinel-2 imagery, NO₂ anomaly curves, the LFM2.5-VL turbine count, the permit-gap analysis, and the full evidence brief — for each of the three Memphis sites.

Open Sentinel dashboard Read methodology